As part of your overall Internet marketing strategy, it is important to devote resources to search engine marketing. This component of your marketing mix has become increasingly critical due to the importance that search engines and directories play in how prospects access information. Search engines have the advantage of driving highly qualified traffic due to the self-selection process initiated by the searcher in choosing their search query.
Research shows that there are more than 8 hundred million people in the world have the habit to access Internet. 86% of them tend to locate information via search engines. In addition, research shows that most people will only look at 2 to 3 pages of search results, so your ranking among the results is becoming increasingly important.
When developing your search engine strategy you need to understand how search engines work, how they are different from directories, and how to maximize their effectiveness in making sure that your business gets as much exposure as your budget allows.
Search Engines populate their databases for search results through robotic software programs that crawl the web looking for content to index. This crawling requires that the software find text-based machine-readable content to index and categorize a site. The content accessed is from the meta tags (title, description, keywords, alt image tags), filenames and content on pages throughout your site. Spiders tend to look at the root directory, 1st level files and occasionally will spider your site to 2nd level content. To determine a sites meta tags, right click your mouse and select View Source.
If your site has not been developed with search engines in mind, you could have difficulty in having your content properly indexed. Search engines also determine relative rankings of results based on certain algorithms that include factors like link popularity, site traffic, site content, etc.
When search engines first evolved, they were based on a free business model, where conceptually all sites had an equal chance of being indexed and displayed in search results if their developers optimized with some basic steps. While the basic steps are still an important part of your search engine marketing strategy, they no longer are enough. This is due to the fact that many search engines (and dot bombs) found that it wasnt just about capturing eyeballs, but was also about making money. This has led search engines to modify their business models to capitalize on all possible sources of revenue generated by their traffic and/or technology. Traffic was seen as a logical source for advertising revenues and technology was felt to be transferable for use at other sites requiring robust search engines.
To date, most search engines have not elected to go towards a subscription-based model where searchers get charged for accessing information. These new business models require that site developers work even more closely with marketing strategists to ensure that the most effective business decisions are made.
Author: Phillipe Wu
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Provided by: Guest blogger
Posted in
Bad Credit Loan Tags:
Business,
content,
Engine,
image tags,
information,
information search engines,
internet marketing strategy,
level content,
marketing,
Meta Tags,
relative rankings,
robotic software,
search,
search engine strategy,
search engines and directories,
self selection,
site,
Source,
strategy,
traffic
The cheapest loan available in todays loan market is the homeowner loan. When a homeowner loan is taken the home is laid as collateral for the loan. So when a lender gets a good value collateral as security he is in a better position to offer the borrower a good homeowner loan rate. If the loan is not paid back fully then the lender has the option of taking the physical possession of the home. But with loans made available at an affordable rate, one can easily repay the loan amount in small monthly installments and not run any risks of losing out his collateral.
Homeowner loan serves as any purpose loan to the borrower. He can utilize loan amount obtained for any purpose ranging from home improvement to purchase of a new car, to pay back the earlier mortgages or business purpose itself. All that one needs to do is release the equity in the home, use it up as a collateral to obtain homeowner loan. A borrower with adverse credit scores can still be eligible for bad credit homeowner loan with a sound collateral provided to the lender.
As a borrower, the benefits that one can enjoy is huge loan amount, longer repayment time, flexibility of loan terms. How best a homeowner loan deal is depends on the equity saved up. Higher the market value of the collateral, higher is the equity one has on his home. Be mindful of the fact that failure to keep up with the repayment time will put the borrowers collateral at risk. But with interest rates held low one can easily repay the loans as he can afford it. Moreover such a homeowner loan gets approved fast as theres a security laid out and the lender has less risk involved in such loans. Its simple and easy to raise funds through homeowner loan and use it up to realize anything. Make use of the best loan with favourable terms to a borrower. Go ahead!
Author: Kirthy Shetty
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Posted in
Bad Credit Loan Tags:
adverse credit,
amount,
bad credit homeowner loan,
Borrower,
business purpose,
Collateral,
equity,
favourable terms,
home,
homeowner,
lender,
Loan,
loan deal,
loan market,
loan terms,
market,
physical possession,
purpose,
purpose loan,
time flexibility
Bad credit for a self employed person is like adding fuel to an already ignited fire. Self employment itself is considered a bad credit for the purposes of lending. Bad credit history, which constitutes of County Court Judgements, Individual Voluntary Arrangements, and bankruptcy, further puts the lenders in a defensive mode. They often refuse loans to the self employed people. Alternatively, the loans lent to the self employed people are unreasonably termed, with the intention that borrowers will themselves back out from the loan deal.
But, do borrowers really back out through refusals or unreasonably termed loans? No! The need for funds pushes the self employed people to accede to the terms of the loan. However, there is bad credit loan for self employed instead, which can be used by them to raise funds more advantageously.
Bad credit loans for self employed people are advanced by lenders who are more considerate to the borrowers who have underwent bad credit. These lenders are known as sub prime lenders. Bad credit loans for self employed carry a moderate risk and these sub prime lenders are ready to take up the risk. What these lenders do is cover the risk involved in the self employed loans by slightly differing the terms of the loan to suit them. The difference in terms is what distinguishes bad credit self employed loans from the other regular loans and forms its principal feature.
You can hope to get a sizable amount through regular loans. However, this is not true with bad credit loans for self employed. Lenders will not lend more. Thereby, they cover themselves against the risk originating. So, if you are thinking of paying large expenses through the loan proceeds, then you will be disappointed.
Online loan quote, offered by online loan providers is a fast and convenient method of knowing how much does one qualify for under the loan deal. Online loan quote is an offer by the loan provider to the borrower. When borrower fills the self employed loan quote on the Internet along with his personal details and loan details, lender responds by forwarding the loan quote. The loan quote has, besides the approximate amount of bad credit loans for self employed, details regarding rate of interest, interest options, repayment options, prepayment, etc. Through loan quote, one can compare well between different loan providers.
Another important feature of bad credit loans for self employed is that the rate of interest that borrower has to pay is higher. Since the degree of risk involved in the venture is higher, borrower cannot escape from paying higher APR. However, they can escape paying unreasonably high APRs through proper check. When using online loan calculator, borrowers can very easily compare between several loan providers operating in the UK.
Self employed may often qualify for a flexible loan. A flexible loan is one where borrower does not have to make fixed monthly repayments every time. They can overpay, underpay, or not pay at all. This feature goes well with the finances of self employed. The self employed do not get a fixed salary. They are running their own operations and the profit is what constitutes their income. The profit however is not stable. In some months they may be able to bring home a sizable sum as profits. In another months, they would have to go without anything. They would thus not be able to sustain the fixed monthly payments. Through a flexible repayment schedule, the self employed borrowers can easily integrate loan payments to their unstable financial structure.
Certain loan providers offer bad credit loans for self employed with the feature of self-certification. Self-certification is a feature wherein borrowers have to themselves certify their income. This will come as a big advantage for the self employed who are incapable of proving their income. In all aspects, bad credit loans for self employed are the best that the self employed people could hope to get.
Author: Christian Phelps
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Posted in
Bad Credit Loan Tags:
bad credit history,
Bad Credit Loan,
bad credit loans,
Borrower,
county court judgements,
Credit,
feature,
income,
individual voluntary arrangements,
Interest,
Loan,
loan proceeds,
moderate risk,
Online,
principal feature,
quote,
risk,
self,
self employed loans,
sub prime lenders
Unlike many of the Xsitepro reviews that you might find on the Internet, this is a fully unbiased review that does not include a single affiliate link. You see, it is my opinion that you can not properly review a product if you are hoping to encourage people to click through via your affiliate link in order to earn you a commission. Its fairly obvious, that if youre looking for affiliate commission, your review is going to be good, this means that it is not a fair review.
First off, let me explain what Xsitepro actually is. Its a product that is aimed at people without a technical background who would like to have the freedom and flexibility to launch multiple web sites. There are a number of reasons why people would like to do this, most notably to create a web site that can be used to launch or sell a product, earn affiliate revenue or make money from contextual advertising, such as Yahoo Publishing or Google Adsense.
The reason why Xsitepro is so powerful, is that someone without a technical background is able to launch a fully fledged web site within just a few hours. This means that you are only limited by your ambition and time.
To give you an idea of how easy it is to create a new web site, I have provided this walk through below. However, it is very much worth pointing out that the tutorials and documentation provided with this product are excellent. This is very important as it ensures that youre able to realise your return on investment much quicker if you can leverage the full capabilities of the program.
Creating a website in Xsitepro.
Simply open your Xsitepro program and select Add Project. As youd expect, this creates a new project, you can name this and add notes. You can also include your project description and add your keywords.
Highlight your new project and select Add web site, you will then be given a choice of 4 different web site layouts. These include, a blank web page, graphical sales letter, sales letter and affiliate templates. Upon selecting any of these choices, you will be presented with multiple choice of Xsitepro templates.
For this example, I will select a blank web page, once selected you will be asked to provide a name. Once you have decided upon a name, you have the option to provide the following web page details, title, description, keywords, author, copyright and other notes. You can complete this immediately, or come back to it at a later date.
Across the top of your console, you will see the following tabs, website information, page layout, web pages, other and publishing details. Our next step is to select web pages, this is the page that we can add new pages, product pages, article pages, external links or simply import multiple pages into the system. It is possible to create 1,000 page web site by simple importing your keyword list via the multiple page option, Xsitepro will even capitalise the words if you choose to include them on your navigation bar.
For each page that you create, you have the option of checking a box should you wish that page to appear on the navigation bar, page footer or site map. For the actual page content, you can choose a traditional HTML view, or you may prefer the Design view which is similar to a word processor. If you have content in other programs, you can simply cut and paste into your page.
A very unique feature with Xsitepro is that it helps you to create pages that are search engine friendly. Each page that you create is measured for SEO effectiveness, this means that your On Page SEO is always taken care of if you follow the suggestions made by the program.
Once you have created your pages, you might want to include your Adsense code or other affiliate links such as Amazon. In Xsitepro, this is as easy as right clicking. Once you have added your Adsense and affiliate link information to the program, you simply right click and Add Adsense Code or Add Snippet.
Now that your site has content and links, you might well be ready to upload your site. Again, in Xsitepro this is very easy. Before Xsitepro came along, I always had enormous difficulty uploading web sites, this all changed very quickly.
To upload a site, you need to do the following, enter your domain name, home directory, FTP Server, username and password, once entered, you select Tools and Publish . Thats it, your site begins to upload and youll be online shortly.
Obviously, this describes building a very simple web site and uploading it to the Internet. The objective of explaining how to create a web site in Xsitepro was to give you a sense of how easy it is. The real benefit of this product is taking advantage of all of the other features and functions. Dont worry, you do not need to be a technical wizard to get the hand of these, youll pick them up quite quickly and before long youll be creating stunning web sites.
Once you start to gain a little bit of experience from using Xsitepro, you may identify what I consider to be the only real weakness of the product, that is the lack of templates that are available out of the box. It is possible to create original templates for yourself, however this requires a certain amount of artistic flair and knowledge of a program such as Photoshop. Unfortunately, these skills were not handed to everyone.
Fortunately, there are great companies out there that are starting to provide great Xsitepro templates. These are usually available via download and you can simply import these templates into your own Xsitepro program, this allows you to build your content around the new template.
One of the better companies offering these templates is Xsiteprotemplates4U.com, they already have a wide selection of templates available and are adding to their portfolio on a daily basis, so there should be something there for most people, best of all is that these fun and original designs will not break the bank.
I hope that you found this review helpful. I plan to follow this article up with some more detailed tips and tricks and how to really start to get the most of this great product.
Oh, in case you have not already guessed, I think that Xsitepro is a great product. Their sales page does not do it justice at all. Whether youre technical or non technical and currently use Dreamweaver or Frontpage to create your web sites, I fully recommend that you look into Xsitepro. Theres a one year guarantee, so really there is nothing to lose!
Good luck.
Author: Charlotte Alice
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Provided by: US Dollar credit card
Posted in
Bad Credit Loan Tags:
Adsense,
affiliate,
affiliate commission,
affiliate link,
affiliate revenue,
blank web,
creating a website,
fledged web,
Google,
google adsense,
page,
product,
program,
project,
review,
site,
site layouts,
technical background,
web,
Xsitepro
Foreclosure is a term many people may have heard of yet are unsure as to what the term means exactly. Foreclosure is something which affects homeowners who have a mortgage or lien on their home and do not own the house outright. There are a few things which homeowners should be aware of with regard to foreclosure in order to prevent this from happening to them.
What Is Foreclosure?
Foreclosure is when a lender who currently holds a mortgage on one’s home can come in and repossess the home due to a number of reasons but mainly for nonpayment of a mortgage. For those individuals whose home is less valuable than their current loan balance, they may also owe a deficiency judgment as a result thereof.
How Do Foreclosures and Deficiency Judgments Affect the Individual?
There are many ways in which foreclosures and/or deficiency judgments can affect an individual. First and foremost, when a home is foreclosed upon that individual loses their living quarters plus any money which they have already paid for the home. When one has a deficiency judgment issued against them they will find that they will owe varying sums of money in order to make up the difference between the value of the home and the outstanding loan on the home. Also, it is important to note that either one of these incidents can affect the credit of an individual and cause a blemish on their credit rating for years to come. Read more »
Originally posted 2008-01-04 04:56:19.
Posted in
Personal Lending Tags:
avoid foreclosure
Those who own property get loan easily but to get it at cheaper cost is different. Generally when a loan is taken against property the interest rate comes down. The borrower should not rest on mere lower interest rate but instead make efforts to reduce it further and also the overall cost of the loan should be brought down. Cheap secured loan is especially designed to serve borrowers looking for cheaper finance. They can utilize cheap secured loan for any purpose like renovation of home, buying vehicle, meeting expenses, medical or education bills.
Cheap secured loan is available on placing any of borrowers property like home, valuable papers, jewelry as collateral with the loan providers. On the basis of collateral and equity in it the loan amount and interest on it is decided for the loan deal. In order to take cheap secured loan, first of all borrowers should check out the collateral. If the collateral has higher equity then lenders will readily agree to reduce interest rate. Though secured loans come at lower interest rate but higher equity enables in getting the loan at lower then average rate of interest.
Another way to achieve cheaper interest rate is applying for the loan online, an effective modern medium. When you apply online you get flooded with loan offers from numerous lenders. This way you are able to choose the suitable loan package that has the lowest possible interest rate. Remember that there is cut throat competition in the loan market to take advantage of. Online lenders do not charge any fee on processing of application or providing related information which cuts the cost of the loan and you get cheap secured loan.
If you boast of a good credit history then cheap secured loan is there for asking at your terms and conditions. Lenders are more secured in giving loan to such borrowers. Even if your credit score is not that good and you are labeled bad credit you are equally eligible for cheap secured loan as because of the collateral, lenders do not look much into the credit score or credit report of the borrower.
Lenders provide cheap secured loan in the range of 3000 to 50000 which normally meets average borrowers requirements. The loan is given for repayment term of up to 30 years starting from 5 years. Hear also if the loan amount asked is kept below the equity in the collateral the interest rate may be reduced further for cheap secured loan.
Cheap secured loan makes you financially healthier as after meeting requirements you are not left with any debt burden. On the basis of collateral, financial standing and vast choice of lenders you get the loan at your terms. The loan provides you perfect opportunity to enhance your finances.
Author: Andrew Baker
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Provided by: Hybrid and Electric Cars
Posted in
Bad Credit Loan Tags:
Andrew BakerArticle,
Borrower,
cheap secured loan,
Collateral,
cost,
Credit,
cut throat,
education bills,
equity,
Interest,
Loan,
loan deal,
loan market,
loan package,
loan providers,
Online,
property,
rate,
secured loans,
suitable loan,
throat competition
Your adverse credit report does not come anymore in the way of availing loans of your requirements as loan providers know that because of unavoidable circumstances the debts accumulated. If you show the lender that you are serious towards paying back loans then you surely get bad credit loans with an ease and even at comparatively lower interest rate. Borrowers utilize bad credit loans for variety of purposes like making home improvements, buying vehicle, enjoying a holiday trip or even paying off old debts.
A borrower is called having bad credit when there are at least one or two cases of County Court Judgments or payments defaults against him. As a result, credit score of these borrowers plunges. However getting loan is still easier for such borrowers.
Best way to take bad credit loans is through placing any of your property as collateral with the loan provider. The collateral gives adequate security to the lender about his loaned amount. In case payment default from borrower happens again, the lender can recover the loan amount by selling the collateral.
Bad Credit Loans when are taken against property, give you a larger amount of loan ranging from 5000 to 75000. If greater amount is to be borrowed then the equity in the collateral comes into play. Higher equity will ensure greater loan despite bad credit of the borrower.
In case of secured bad credit loans, the interest rate remains lower. The borrowers do not loose much in terms of interest rate and in fact they can bargain for even further reduced interest rate provided they compare different bad credit loans packages offered by numerous lenders online.
Tenants and non-homeowners, who normally do not have property to take loan against, also take bad credit loans. For these borrowers the rate of interest may be little higher due to absence of collateral. But again a comparison of the interest rate may be of great help in achieving lower interest rate. Unsecured bad credit loans may come with lower interest rate also if financial standing and loan repaying capacity of the borrower is good.
Borrowers, meanwhile, should make efforts towards improving their credit score. A credit score of 620 is considered satisfactory for a safe loan. If you can pay off some of debts and then get the development included in your credit report by a reputed agency then credit score may go up substantially.
Make sure that bad credit loans improve your financial health. Pay the loan installments regularly. Avoid taking a loan that is beyond your paying capacity so that you do not fall into debt trap anymore.
Author: James Taylor
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Provided by: Canada duty
Posted in
Bad Credit Loan Tags:
adequate security,
amount,
bad credit loans,
Borrower,
canada,
case payment,
Collateral,
county court judgments,
Credit,
holiday trip,
home improvements,
Interest,
James TaylorArticle,
lender,
Loan,
loan provider,
property,
rate,
score,
secured bad credit loans,
unavoidable circumstances,
unsecured bad credit loans
There has been a big craze lately, everybody wants their site as a database driven site or Content Management System (CMS). There are many advantages to using a CMS over ordinary static page site, the main on is site structure. You can change the structure and the hierarchy of the site instantly.
A Content Management System could be best described as integrating elements of a web site such as design, content, media and database into one easy to use package. The System is normally controlled by using a web interface (a form) which will capture the data and store it in a database according to its attributes (title, category keywords, description etc.). Some of the better ones out there are Mambo / Joomla, and because its open source there is a large community are continually contributing updates and addons to the system. Heres an example http://www.ketec.net
The design of the site itself is controlled by templates and css style sheets making the design and development of the site is much more consistent especially larger websites. Another important factor is that because the whole site design is controlled by a couple of files it can be easily updated to give your visitors a themed season effect such as Christmas, Easter, Summer, Winter etc. This is important when it comes to repeat visitors, they know that the site is up to date and that the designer / developer is actually thinking of the visitor.
Finally, as you become use to working with a Content Manage System, you could spend more of your time concentrating on content and maybe farm out the design or purchase some templates for your site.
Author: Damien Kettle
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Provided by: Excise Tax
Posted in
Bad Credit Loan Tags:
category keywords,
christmas easter,
CMS,
content,
content management system,
content media,
css style sheets,
Damien KettleArticle,
database,
design,
design content,
excise tax,
Management,
site,
Source,
structure,
Summer,
summer winter,
system,
title category,
web,
web interface,
Winter
One major concern of borrowers has always been how to avail loan at lower possible interest rate. Their search for the suitable interest rate falls flat for want of adequate information about taking loan at easier terms and conditions. Keeping this in consideration, low interest personal loan is especially designed for a low cost finance. One is at liberty to utilize low interest personal loan for whatever purpose like renovation of home, paying for different expenses including medical and education bills.
As is clear low interest personal loan comes at low rate of interest. The borrowers however have to meet certain requirements for availing the loan. First of all, if secured option of the loan is chosen then the borrower should place any of his property like home, vehicle, jewelry as collateral with the lender. The interest rate comes down on the strength of collateral. If collateral has high equity in it then the loan is more secured and lenders are more then willing to reduce interest rate below average rate. Therefore borrowers should offer collateral like home which normally has higher equity.
Another advantage of placing valued collateral for taking low interest personal loan is that even greater then normal loan amount becomes easily available to the borrowers at low interest rate. Usually for a low interest rate personal loan in its secured form, the lenders provide 5000 to 75000. The loan also has an attractive feature in larger repayment term. The secured form of the loan can be paid back in 5 to 30 years. This long repayment term is especially useful in regaining financial health if the borrower is reeling under bad financial phase.
However, while deciding over repayment term, note that the larger the duration, smaller will be the monthly outgo towards monthly installments. This enables borrower in saving money for other expenses. But to pay off the loan in few years and shedding the debt burden, one should prefer shorter repayment term though installment outgo goes up.
Unsecured low interest personal loan does not require borrowers to offer any collateral. Instead, borrowers are required to show proof of steady income and financial standing in order to satisfy lenders about safe return of the loan. Normally tenants or non-homeowners opt for this version of the loan as they usually do not own property to take loan against. Lenders also would check credit score of unsecured low interest personal loan and on FICO scale of 300 to 850, credit score of 580 and below is taken as bad credit and risky while score of 720 and above is considered safe. But despite bad credit, the loan is available if repaying capacity of the borrower is higher.
To source low interest personal loan you should prefer applying online as out of numerous offers that come your way, you can pick up suitable loan package having low interest rate. Also, as the online lenders do not charge any fee on processing application and providing relevant information, cost of availing the loan falls.
Low interest personal loan makes borrowers more financially stronger as the cost of the loan reduces the loan burden besides meeting the expenses. Make sure the loan is paid back in time to escape debt accumulation.
Author: James Taylor
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Provided by: Import duty tariff
Posted in
Bad Credit Loan Tags:
attractive feature,
Borrower,
borrowers,
Collateral,
Credit,
debt burden,
education bills,
financial health,
home,
Interest,
James TaylorArticle,
Loan,
low interest personal loan,
low interest rate personal loan,
rate,
rate of interest,
repayment,
repayment term,
saving money,
score,
term
This is due to the fact that a bankruptcy stain remains on your credit report for many years and scares lenders away easily. However, since now bad credit loans are wide available you may wonder if you can get finance by requesting a bad credit loan even if you have a past bankruptcy on your credit report…
There are many issues that need to be cleared in order to answer such a question. Mainly, the time when the bankruptcy was discharged constitutes vital information and your recent credit history will also influence the approval process. Besides that, youll also need to compare your needs and qualification with the offers available and their requirements.
Time Of Discharge
Most bad credit loans will require a two year period since the bankruptcy has been discharged in order to even consider a loan application. However, there are some types of loan that you may obtain just after the discharge and others that may require smaller type spans. Nevertheless, your credit behavior since the discharge must be impeccable.
The kind of loans you can obtain within a short period after your bankruptcy has been discharged are secured loans. Bad Credit Refinance Home Loans and Home Equity Loans might be available right away. But unsecured bad credit loans wont be within your reach until after a long period of time with the sole exception of payday loans and cash advance loans that require no credit checks.
Recent Credit History
The last few months of your credit history need to be free from stains. If possible all your credit history after your bankruptcy was discharged needs to be impeccable so you can have more chances of getting approved for a bad credit loan. You need to show to the lenders that your credit behavior has improved since your last bankruptcy.
You need to avoid stains on your credit history and having too much debt and open credit lines. If possible you need to avoid late payments and missed payments though some of these may be tolerated. However, too many late or missed payments and defaults on your recent credit history will ruin your credit and wont let you get approved for a bad credit loan.
Requirements Needed To Get Approved
Given that youve gone through a bankruptcy and that you are seeking a bad credit loan, instead of concentrating on credit requirements, youll need to focus on your income. Lenders will require that you show proof of a steady income suitable for affording the amount of the monthly payments that these loans imply. Thus, youll need to have available income to meet the bad credit loans installments without sacrifices and being able to face any additional unexpected expense that may rise.
Though a co-signer is not required, providing one will increase your chances of getting approved. Of course, the co-signer needs to have a better (preferably good) credit score and has to be able to afford the monthly payments on his own. That way, the risk for the lender will be reduced and he will consider your loan application with ease.
Author: Kate Ross
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Provided by: Benefits of electric pressure cooker
Posted in
Bad Credit Loan Tags:
Bad Credit Loan,
bad credit loans,
bankruptcy,
cash advance loans,
Credit,
credit checks,
Discharge,
History,
history need,
home equity loans,
income,
Kate RossArticle,
Loan,
loans bad credit,
payday loans,
period,
report,
sole exception,
time,
unsecured bad credit loans,
youll
